Under the political question doctrine, courts decline to adjudicate matters they consider too political, refusing to hear cases relevant to foreign relations, impeachment processes or election procedures.

Hedonism prioritises pleasure as the highest good and primary motivation for human actions. Hedonists believe that a fulfilling life is one where personal enjoyment is paramount. Asceticism emphasises self-discipline and the renunciation of physical pleasures. Ascetics believe that restraining from indulgence leads to a more meaningful and fulfilling life.

I"Lying flat" (躺平 / tang ping) is a Chinese social trend in which young people reject the pressure to overwork, achieve, and consume, choosing instead to do the bare minimum needed to live. The Japanese "satori generation" (悟り世代) describes a similar phenomenon, young adults who appear content with modest lives and show little interest in career ambition, romantic relationships, or material success.